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Multiscale Mechanism of High Temperature Creep Deformation of Laser Powder Bed Fused Aluminum-Cerium Alloys

By generating nonequilibrium hierarchical microstructures, compositionally complex interfaces, and high dislocation densities, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) offers a pathway to extending the elevated-temperature capability of aluminum alloys. In Al-Ce-based systems, rapid
solidification establishes a refined thermally stable intermetallics Al鈥揂l鈧佲倎Ce鈧� architecture. Their thermal resistance alone, however, does not ensure creep strengthening, which also depends on reinforcement connectivity, obstacle effectiveness, and operative interfacial constraint, and matrix chemistry remain effective as recovery, diffusional redistribution, and boundary-localized deformation proceed.

This dissertation establishes an evidence-informed composition鈥搈icrostructure鈥揷reep framework for LPBF pure Al, binary near-eutectic Al-10Ce, Zr-modified Al-10Ce-xZr (x = 0.3鈥�1.0 wt.%), and hypereutectic Al-16Ce-1Mg by integrating compression-creep testing from 275 to
400 掳C with multiscale characterization, kinetic and characteristic analyses, and experimentguided discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulations. LPBF pure Al served as a processspecific matrix reference, enabling the effects of Al鈧佲倎Ce鈧� topology, Zr-related precipitation and grain refinement, and coupled Ce鈥揗g modification to be assessed relative to the unalloyed matrix.

Compared with LPBF pure Al, Al-Ce-based alloys exhibited remarkable creep resistance with lower minimum creep rates at higher applied stresses, yet this benefit was compositionally nonmonotonic and condition dependent. Moderate Zr addition improved creep resistance, whereas higher Zr and Ce additions provided no commensurate benefit, potentially reflecting the competing effects of strengthening, grain refinement, and diffusion-assisted deformation. These results reveal temperature-dependent kinetic competition among intragranular obstacle-dislocation strengthening, intermetallic-network reinforcement, and boundary-mediated accommodation. At lower and intermediate temperatures, the intermetallic architecture and dispersed particles contribute to an effective threshold resistance to dislocation motion. At higher temperatures, recovery, particle coarsening and increased spacing, loss of network connectivity, and localized damage weaken this resistance, while finer grains can facilitate a greater contribution from boundary-mediated deformation. DDD simulations further elucidate the coupled effects of stress, obstacle interactions, and dislocation evolution identifying nonuniform operative creep mechanism.

The central conclusion is that creep resistance in LPBF Al alloys depends not only on the thermal stability of constituent phases but also on the balance between the mechanical resistance sustained by reinforcement connectivity and spacing, matrix鈥搒olute interactions, and interfacial integrity within the hierarchical microstructure and the weakening effects of boundary-mediated transport and localized damage.

Enhancing Low-Temperature Anaerobic Treatment: Microbial Adaptation and Novel Technologies

Anaerobic biological treatment offers a potential alternative to aerobic treatment (e.g., activated sludge) to remove pollutants from municipal wastewater, with opportunities to reduce energy use and recover methane for renewable energy generation. However, slower microbial activity at low temperatures can limit anaerobic treatment performance. This dissertation examines how microbial acclimation, novel floating biofilm carriers (FBCs), and reactor design can improve anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater at approximately 24 掳C, which requires less heat energy and is lower than the traditional temperature of 35 掳C.

First, long-term acclimation to the low temperature of biomass from two inoculum sources was evaluated to determine its effects on microbial communities and the kinetic parameters for acetate and hydrogen utilization, key parameters in anaerobic treatment. Acclimation increased acetate utilization rates in both inocula, while the response of hydrogen utilization differed between inoculum sources. Their microbial communities also developed differently, showing that inoculum source can influence how biomass adapts to colder temperatures.

Second, four 3D-printed FBC formulations were compared for their effects on organic matter removal and methane production. Incorporating beneficial materials into the carriers increased methane production and improved treatment performance compared to the control carrier without added material to the plastic, although the extent of improvement differed among material
formulations.

Third, select FBCs were evaluated in a novel downflow floating filter configuration treating synthetic primary effluent, and a hydraulic retention time comparable to activated sludge treatment was achieved. The novel configurations resulted in organic matter removal from the wastewater, but additional treatment was needed to reduce suspended solids in the final effluent. Membrane filtration, cloth-media filtration, and chemically enhanced clarification were therefore compared as post-treatment options.

External Corrosion Management of Buried Steel Pipelines

External corrosion threatens the integrity of buried steel pipelines, and uncertainties in defect initiation, inspection detection, corrosion growth, and environmental conditions complicate reliable assessments of failure risk. This dissertation develops probabilistic corrosion growth models to characterize these uncertainties and support time-dependent, risk-based pipeline integrity management.

The dissertation first develops a defect-specific corrosion growth framework using power-law models for corrosion depth and length, capturing nonconstant growth rates and correlations between growth dimensions. Local soil properties are explicitly incorporated without assuming homogeneous corrosion behavior across pipeline segments. Corrosion initiation times are estimated through either a Poisson occurrence model or multivariate regression, and Bayesian updating is employed to quantify model parameter uncertainty and error. Applications to in-line inspection (ILI) and field excavation data demonstrate the framework's use in predicting defect evolution and assessing small-leak and burst failure probabilities.

A second predictive model estimates time-dependent corrosion defect counts from repeated magnetic flux leakage ILIs. Defect initiation is modeled as a Poisson process, while imperfect detection is incorporated through the probability of detection. Results show that neglecting imperfect detection can underestimate defect counts and initiation rates, thereby understating the probability of failure when newly initiated defects should be considered.

Finally, a probabilistic corrosion growth rate model is developed to evaluate external corrosion caused by alternating current (AC) interference in buried steel pipelines under cathodic protection (CP). Using experimental and published corrosion data, a weighted least squares regression model is developed to predict corrosion growth rates based on alternating and direct current densities, environmental conditions, and other influencing factors. The model is applied to time-varying field measurements of AC density to predict corrosion growth rates, accumulated corrosion depth, and associated uncertainty under CP conditions. The predicted corrosion depth and its uncertainty are subsequently incorporated into time dependent reliability analyses considering small-leak and burst failure modes. The results demonstrate the importance of alternating and direct current conditions and their temporal variability in corrosion evolution and pipeline failure risk.

The probabilistic models developed in this dissertation improve characterization of corrosion initiation, detection, and progression and provide a probabilistic foundation for inspection planning, corrosion mitigation, and risk -based maintenance decisions in pipeline corrosion management.

QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF HIGH INTENSITY GAIT TRAINING ON GAIT STABILITY IN PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

This dissertation characterizes symptom exacerbation and recovery following highintensity gait training (HIGT) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). PwMS may experience more prolonged exercise-related side effects than individuals with other neurologic disorders. A better understanding of these side effects and their recovery may guide session scheduling and patient education to improve participation in HIGT for PwMS. HIGT is a task-specific intervention designed to optimize locomotor gains, but it may exacerbate symptoms to a greater degree than other modes of exercise due to larger increases in core temperature (TC) and transient slowing of conduction in demyelinated neuronal tracts. Characterizing the physiologic
mechanisms underlying symptom exacerbation and their subsequent recovery may help clinicians better anticipate post-HIGT responses and optimize session scheduling and patient education to support continued participation in this intervention.

Aim 1 quantified the impact of HIGT on somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) latencies, a measure of neural conduction, and assessed which physiologic factors were associated with this change. SSEP latencies increased during HIGT for PwMS but quickly recovered back to baseline. These increases were not associated with the change in TC. Aim 2 examined changes in gait and reactive balance during and after HIGT, and assessed whether these changes were associated with physiologic responses. HIGT produced transient impairments in gait quality which resolved within two hours, while reactive balance was preserved. Greater increases in SSEP latency were associated with greater gait variability and impaired perturbation recovery, whereas greater increases in TC were less consistently associated with changes in gait and reactive balance. Aim 3 examined the impact of HIGT on community ambulation, activity, and symptomatic fatigue. HIGT temporarily reduced optimal community gait performance, while typical gait performance, overall activity, and symptomatic fatigue were largely unaffected. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that although HIGT produces measurable physiologic changes accompanied by alterations in laboratory and community gait, these changes are transient and do not lead to persistent side effects for PwMS with mild disease severity. Because changes in physiology and function after HIGT were heterogeneous, future research should continue to delineate who may be at greater risk for the development of post-HIGT side effects.

A COMPUTATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR RISK, DIAGNOSTIC TIMING, AND EXPOSURE ANALYSIS OF DELAYED SLEEP APNEA DIAGNOSIS IN EHRS

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects nearly one billion adults worldwide, yet most cases remain undiagnosed while cardiometabolic harm accumulates. In electronic health records (EHRs), an OSA diagnosis appears only after symptoms are noticed, care is sought, and sleep testing is completed. It therefore reflects both disease and the opportunity for detection. Most studies and machine learning models treat the recorded code as the disease and ask whether it occurs, not when, potentially learning who has been seen rather than who is ill.

This dissertation addresses that gap by treating documented OSA as a delayed and selectively observed outcome. Using longitudinal EHR data from the Froedtert Health system, it compares General, COVID-only, and Long COVID cohorts, with COVID-19 providing a contrast in contact with care. A unified framework links machine learning, survival analysis, propensity-score weighting, post-index attenuation, and phenotype
discovery.

Predictive models achieved ROC-AUC values of 0.715 to 0.829. Age-sex-standardized diagnosis proportions were similar in COVID-only and General patients (10.44% and 10.85%) but higher in Long COVID patients (19.24%). One-year cumulative diagnosis was 8.52%, 15.14%, and 26.30%, respectively, with most differences emerging within 30 days. After measured-confounding adjustment, COVID-only exposure remained associated with earlier diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.634). Post-index clinical contact attenuated this association by up to 44.6%, and the strongest phenotype-specific association occurred among low-burden patients with little prior care (hazard ratio 2.071).

These findings indicate that COVID-related care may accelerate OSA recognition or documentation rather than uniformly increasing disease burden. Clinically, the work identifies the first month after COVID-related care as a high-yield window for sleep evaluation, highlights low-burden patients whom conventional screening may miss, and supports sleep assessment in Long COVID clinics. For public health, the framework can guide targeted screening, earlier case identification, and preventive-resource allocation among populations with limited healthcare contact. For clinical AI, it helps prevent healthcare access and documentation patterns from being interpreted as biological risk. This observation-aware approach can extend to other late-recognized conditions, including heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension, supporting equitable surveillance and clinical decision-making.

NEUTRALITY IN P4WC? A DECOLONIAL NARRATIVE AND LIBERATION PHILOSOPHY INQUIRY INTO THE
STANCES OF LATIN AMERICAN P4WC FACILITATORS

Although Philosophy for Children (P4C) originated in the United States as a program with specific guidelines regarding the role of facilitators, it has since evolved into a broader movement known as Philosophy for/with Children (P4wC). As P4wC has spread throughout Latin America, it has been shaped by diverse realities, contexts, and philosophical traditions that influence how philosophy is practiced with children. This study seeks to investigate the role of the Latin American P4wC facilitator and to examine whether this role constitutes an act committed to a particular ethico-political reality.

Employing qualitative approaches grounded in decolonial narrative inquiry and liberation philosophy inquiry, this study seeks to critically examine Latin American P4wC facilitators鈥� understandings of neutrality and how they narrate their experiences practicing philosophy within their respective contexts. Through interviews and a Community of Inquiry, participants shared narratives about their experiences practicing P4wC in their respective Latin American countries, how they understand the concepts of neutrality, impartiality, and politics in education, and whether issues related to coloniality emerged during philosophical discussions within P4wC communities of inquiry and, if so, how they addressed them.

The findings of this study contribute to Kelly鈥檚 (1986) taxonomy of the four stances an educator may adopt when addressing controversial issues by introducing two additional stances: procedural neutrality and subversive complicity. In addition, participants鈥� narratives highlight the centrality of the pedagogy of acompa帽amiento in philosophical engagement with children.

Furthermore, Latin American P4wC facilitators demonstrate that, in order to embrace the ethico-political commitment of practicing philosophy, facilitators must intervene strategically so that children do not feel intimidated by participation but rather invited to consider perspectives that may be unknown to them or obscured by the context of coloniality in which they live. Finally, this study shows that regardless of whether participants practice neutrality as a strategically useful stance or avoid it altogether because it is a myth that reinforces the status quo, the acompa帽amiento of facilitators to students invariably carries a responsibility towards social transformation and decoloniality when philosophical practice is guided by an ethical-political commitment.

CROSS-DOMAIN EEG DECODING OF VISUAL PERCEPTION AND MENTAL IMAGERY

Vision shapes how humans understand and act on the world, and decoding how the brain represents seen and imagined images could deepen understanding of biological vision and support future human-AI interaction. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides portable, millisecond-scale access to neural activity, but visualdecoding results can be inflated by blockwise stimulus presentation, leakage-prone partitioning, flexible model selection, and insufficient control of statistical multiplicity. This dissertation examines category decoding within and across perception and imagery, shared representational structure, and EEG-conditioned image reconstruction.

Using a rapid-event protocol, 64-channel EEG was recorded from 40 adults who viewed and subsequently imagined images from six categories. EEGNet and EEG Conformer were evaluated at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz across four train鈥搕est directions. Classification used image identities excluded from model development and Holm correction across 24 comparisons. Representational similarity analysis assessed perception鈥搃magery embedding structure, and two reconstruction pipelines were compared with a cross-subject EEG-shuffle null.

The clearest finding came from representational similarity analysis. At 1000 Hz, Conformer鈥檚 learned EEG representations showed a small perception鈥搃magery similarity effect relative to a single within-participant shuffled reference. The comparison remained significant after Holm correction across the two architectures. The analysis used data that also helped select the final trained model. Classification accuracy was highest for Conformer imagery-to-imagery decoding at 1000 Hz, with 20.19% mean held-out accuracy against 16.67% chance. No classification result remained significant after Holm correction. However, the limited number of held-out trials meant that small decoding effects could not be ruled out. Neither exploratory reconstruction method produced images closer to their targets than the EEG-shuffle control after correction.

This dissertation documents a 40-participant perception鈥搃magery EEG dataset and presents a four-direction transfer framework with separate evidence standards for classification, representational similarity, and reconstruction fidelity. These contributions provide a foundation for future studies of visual EEG decoding and brain-computer interfaces.

The Tensions Between Mission and Market in Jesuit Higher Education:How Senior Leaders Lead in the Time of Neoliberalism in HE

This hermeneutic phenomenological study examines how senior leaders of American Jesuit colleges and universities navigate the enduring tension between fidelity to the Catholic-Jesuit mission and the market imperatives of neoliberal higher education. Although scholarship has documented the corporatization of the academy and the risk of mission drift, little is known about how those entrusted with institutional mission interpret and lead within these competing demands. Guided by institutional-ecological theory and Mission-Driven Leadership, the study draws on in-depth interviews with 32 senior leaders in Jesuit higher education, each with at least ten years of leadership experience, analyzed through inductive and deductive thematic coding, triangulation, and sustained reflexivity. The findings reveal that mission-market tension is not an episodic challenge but a permanent lived reality for senior leadership. Leaders approach it from two orientations: a mission-gravitational stance, in which mission serves as the 鈥淣orth Star鈥� around which decisions orbit, and a market-to-mission stance, in which financial survival precedes and gradually redefines mission. Mission integrity proved most resilient where leaders were deeply formed in the Ignatian tradition, where communal discernment shaped governance, where presidents owned the mission, and where trustees were formed for it; where these conditions were absent, mission tended toward the symbolic. From these findings, the study proposes the Synodal Leadership Praxis Model (SLPM), an empirically grounded framework built on four dimensions that carries personal Ignatian formation into communal governance. The study contributes to scholarship on mission-driven leadership and offers practical guidance for sustaining institutional distinctiveness in faith-based universities under market pressure.

COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF INDUCTION MOTORS OVER A COMPLETE OPERATION CYCLE

The current practice for Finite Element-based (FE-based) large-scale design optimization of induction machines focuses on a single operating point for each design candidate. That is, instead of evaluating each design over the complete torque-speed operating cycle profile, only the rated operating point will be focused on. The reason behind such practice is that induction motor Time-Stepping Finite Element Analysis (TSFEA) suffers from a lengthy numerical transient response which significantly increases the computational burden of design optimization routine. In addition, the large number of loadspeed points in an operating cycle, and the large number of objective/cost functions and
design constraints to be evaluated, further increases such computational burden. In this dissertation, effort is made to achieve a computationally efficient large-scale design optimization of induction machines over an operating cycle which offers a globally optimal design solution for the given application requirement.

To achieve a satisfying solution to the challenge at hand, different steps will be taken to ensure both speed and accuracy of the final optimization routine at the same time. The first step is tackling the lengthy numerical transient response of Time-Stepping Finite Element Analysis (TS-FEA) of induction motors. This will be done through adoption of the recently introduced Virtual Blocked Rotor (VBR) FE [1] analysis as our simulation engine in the core of optimization routine. Through such an adoption, the lengthy transient response of each design candidate analysis is mitigated, and the overall computational burden is significantly reduced. Also, each design candidate will be analyzed in the magnetic, thermal and mechanical domains to ensure full performance evaluation.

Another challenge in the crafting such a fast and reasonably accurate optimization routine is a high precision characterization of each design candidate over its torque-speed plane. That is due to the fact that none of the circuit parameters of the design candidates are known. In order to command the current magnitude, synchronous frequency, and torque angle values that ensure MTPA/field weakening operation at different torque-speed points, computationally efficient processes for motor characterization will be established. Such procedures will be automated, independent of motor geometry and NEMA class category that the motor belongs to.

To further optimize the uses of available computational capability, the design space will be explored more intelligently through application of Design pf Experiments (DOE) combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to perform a targeted sensitivity analysis [2] . Such analysis will identify the most impactful design variables on the objective functions under optimization and exclude the ones that do not offer much merit to be explored. Such a process would help us reduce the number of members in each generation.

DEUTERONOMIC LIFE IN LUKE-ACTS AND EARLY JUDAISM

This study analyzes life (味蠅萎/味维蠅) as a Lukan theme in the context of ancient Jewish traditions about the blessing of the covenant. In Deuteronomy life is a summary term for the blessing of the covenant (Deut 4:1; 30:1鈥�20). Deuteronomy鈥檚 characteristic usage of life terminology is retained in later Jewish theology, though developed in new directions. I argue that the use of life terminology in Luke-Acts participates in this reception and development.

Drawing on Jonathan Z. Smith, I employ a phrase from Deut 4:1鈥撯�撯�渄o this and you will live鈥濃�撯�揳s a schema by which to compare various texts鈥� application of this theme. I compare (1) what must be done to receive the blessing; (2) what the blessing of life entails; and (3) who receives the blessing of life. I apply this comparative schema to Philo of Alexandria, the Damascus Document and Rule of the Community, 2 Maccabees, and Luke-Acts. These texts display the breadth of Jewish blessing tradition. Philo鈥檚 philosophical Judaism demonstrates the lengths to which the covenantal tradition may expand, while the sectarian and apocalyptic Judaism of CD and 1QS demonstrates how tightly it may contract. 2 Maccabees takes the idea in new directions, applying covenant blessing to the nation as a whole, while employing its own unique sense of what the Torah requires.

Luke-Acts fits within this tradition of Deuteronomic life when charted in its full breadth. Moreover, the tradition illuminates the thematic usage of life that Luke-Acts employs. Read within this context, Luke-Acts becomes a story about how Jesus is the authoritative interpreter of Torah, to whom the people of Israel must listen in order to receive the blessing, and how the blessing becomes available to the Gentiles. Most unique among ancient Jewish authors, Luke Acts applies Deuteronomic life directly to Jesus as both its dispenser and its first, full recipient. By applying the tradition of Deuteronomic life to Jesus, Luke-Acts develops a little-recognized life Christology. While Luke-Acts develops the tradition in new directions, with respect to the comparative schema, it remains within its Jewish, theological environment.